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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Stigma Towards People Living with HIV: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study Among
Yelson Alejandro Picón-Jaimes1, Ivan David Lozada-Martínez2,3, Sulaiman Kalokoh4
1Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
Healthcare professionals in Spain have high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge but still exhibit stigma and fear. Targeted education and interprofessional training are crucial for stigma-free care for people living with HIV.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Medical Education
- Social Science
Background:
- Stigma and fear surrounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negatively impact healthcare professionals' attitudes and quality of care for people living with HIV.
- Persistent stigma in healthcare settings necessitates an evaluation of healthcare professionals' understanding and perceptions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess knowledge, attitudes, and stigma toward people living with HIV among Spanish healthcare professionals.
- To identify strategies for reducing HIV-related stigma in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study combining online questionnaires (n=1013) and semi-structured interviews (n=12).
- Quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests; qualitative data analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
- Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings for a comprehensive understanding.
Main Results:
- High knowledge of HIV transmission, prevention, and treatment was reported.
- Over half of professionals lacked specific training and felt unprepared to care for people living with HIV.
- Despite knowledge, fear of contagion persisted, highlighting a gap between theoretical understanding and clinical confidence.
Conclusions:
- Healthcare professionals in Spain possess substantial HIV knowledge but continue to exhibit stigma and fear.
- Insufficient training and cultural prejudices contribute to persistent stigma.
- Targeted education and interprofessional training are essential to foster stigma-free care for people living with HIV.
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