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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vitro Endometrial Models to Study Epithelial-Stroma and Embryo Interactions
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Author Spotlight: In Vitro Endometrial Models to Study Epithelial-Stroma and Embryo Interactions

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Engineering the Human Endometrial-Embryo Interface: Breakthroughs in 3D Uterine Models.

Jenna A Douglas1,2, Jordan Higgins3, Dinasha H Wimalasiri1,2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

Biomolecules
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Human reproduction update·2023

Three-dimensional organoid models advance the study of human reproduction, offering insights into endometrial function and placental development. These advanced systems improve understanding of implantation and related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional animal and 2D in vitro models have limitations in studying human reproductive processes.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) organoid and co-culture systems offer more physiologically relevant platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in 3D endometrial epithelial organoids (EEOs), trophoblast organoids (TBOs), and co-culture models.
  • To highlight their application in studying human endometrial function, implantation, and placental development.
  • To discuss emerging technologies and limitations in current models.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of recent literature on 3D organoid and co-culture models.
  • Focus on endometrial epithelial organoids (EEOs) and trophoblast organoids (TBOs).
Keywords:
embryo implantationendometrial epithelial organoidsendometriumplacentatrophoblast organoidsuterus

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  • Inclusion of assembloid systems, advanced matrices, and microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technologies.

    • Main Results:

    • 3D models successfully recapitulate key features of the mid-secretory endometrium and placental villous architecture.
    • These systems model epithelial-stromal crosstalk, decidualisation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation.
    • Disease-associated dysfunctions in endometriosis, adenomyosis, PCOS, and endometrial cancer have been revealed.

    Conclusions:

    • Emerging 3D organoid and co-culture systems provide powerful tools for reproductive biology research.
    • These models are crucial for understanding implantation failure and placental diseases.
    • They support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for improved reproductive outcomes.