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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Nox1-Derived ROS Amplifies Calcium Entry and Enhances Pneumolysin-Induced Lung Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction in

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  • 1Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

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|March 28, 2026
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Summary

Obesity and diabetes worsen pneumonia by increasing lung endothelial cell barrier disruption. Elevated glucose amplifies pneumolysin-induced calcium influx via a NOX1, STIM1, TRPC1, and MPTP pathway, leading to severe lung injury.

Keywords:
NOX1STIM1TRPC1calciumendothelial barrierlungmPTPobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • *Streptococcus pneumoniae* causes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with pneumolysin (PLY) exacerbating lung injury.
  • Obesity and diabetes increase pneumonia mortality, but underlying mechanisms are unclear.
  • NOX1 in endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of NOX1 in PLY-induced lung injury, particularly under diabetic conditions.
  • Elucidate the signaling pathways involved in EC barrier disruption.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized db/db mice models and *in vitro* endothelial cell cultures.
  • Assessed superoxide production, EC barrier integrity, and intracellular calcium levels.
  • Employed pharmacological inhibitors and genetic silencing (NOX1, STIM1, TRPC1) and knockout models.

Main Results:

  • Increased NOX1 amplified PLY-induced EC barrier disruption and superoxide production.
  • Hyperglycemia potentiated PLY effects, which were mitigated by NOX1 inhibition.
  • A novel pathway involving NOX1, STIM1, TRPC1, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was identified, mediating calcium influx and EC barrier dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated glucose primes ECs for PLY-induced barrier disruption.
  • A signaling axis of NOX1, STIM1, TRPC1, and MPTP mediates PLY-induced calcium influx.
  • Targeting this pathway may offer therapeutic strategies for pneumonia in diabetic/obese patients.