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Imbalance of Pro-Oxidant and Anti-Oxidant Biomarkers in Patients with Keratoconus
Ariadna Patricia Nicula1,2, Cristina Ariadna Nicula2,3, Dorin Nicula2
1Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Department 11-Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Str., No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Aim:
Our study aimed to evaluate serum oxidative stress-related biomarkers (three pro-oxidants: total oxidant status (TOS), indirect assessment of nitric oxide synthesis (NOx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and three anti-oxidants: total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and thiols) in patients with keratoconus (KCN).
Methods:
We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study with the prospective enrollment of adult patients attending an outpatient ophthalmology clinic between 1 January 2024, and 1 September 2025. The diagnosis of KCN was established based on the clinical signs and two or more aberrant Pentacam parameters.
Results:
We evaluated 44 subjects with KCN (median age, 26 years) and 38 without KCN (median age, 28 years), with similar age and sex distributions (p-values > 0.09). All evaluated biomarkers showed statistically significant differences between subjects with KCN and those without KCN (p-values < 0.001), with higher serum TOS, NOx, MDA, CAT, and oxidative stress index levels and lower levels of TACs and thiols in subjects with KCN than in those without KCN.
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate a systemic imbalance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant biomarkers in subjects with keratoconus.
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