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Proteomics-Based Study of Potential Emphysema Biomarkers Reveals Systemic Redox System and Extracellular Matrix
Grgur Salai1, Ruđer Novak2,3, Stela Hrkač4
1Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
Summary
NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a potential biomarker for emphysema, a COPD phenotype. This study identified NADP-ME and other proteins in plasma, suggesting systemic effects and extracellular matrix changes in emphysema patients.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Proteomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Emphysema is a destructive lung disease and a COPD phenotype.
- Identifying emphysema biomarkers and systemic effects is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify potential emphysema biomarkers in blood plasma.
- To assess the systemic effects of emphysema using proteomics.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional shotgun proteomics study with 40 participants (emphysema with COPD, COPD without emphysema, healthy smokers, healthy never-smokers).
- Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of blood plasma.
- Bioinformatic analysis including differential protein expression and overrepresentation analysis.
Main Results:
- 994 proteins identified; NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) was the only differentially expressed protein between emphysema and COPD groups.
- Upregulation of BMP1, ADAMTSL-2, -4, and IGFBP proteins observed in emphysema patients compared to healthy never-smokers.
- Downregulation of Fibulin proteins and immunoglobulins noted in emphysema patients compared to healthy never-smokers.
- Enriched processes included serine-type endopeptidase activity and growth factor binding.
Conclusions:
- NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is proposed as a potential emphysema biomarker.
- Changes in extracellular matrix proteins suggest significant systemic effects in emphysema.
- Further validation using complementary methods is necessary to confirm these findings.
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