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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Relational Needs in Grief Scale: Development and Psychometric Validation.

Alexandra Coelho1,2,3, Sara Albuquerque4, David Dias Neto1

  • 1APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bereavement disrupts attachment, leading to unmet relational needs. The new Relational Needs in Grief Scale (RNGS) effectively measures these needs, aiding tailored grief interventions.

Keywords:
griefpsychometric validationrelational needsscale development

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Attachment Theory

Background:

  • Bereavement frequently disrupts attachment bonds, resulting in unfulfilled relational needs.
  • Systematic evaluation of these relational needs is crucial for understanding grief.
  • Erskine and Payàs's conceptualization provides a framework for understanding relational needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and psychometrically validate the Relational Needs in Grief Scale (RNGS).
  • To assess the scale's factorial structure, reliability, and validity in bereaved individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional online survey of 354 bereaved participants.
  • Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to determine the scale's structure.
  • Reliability (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω) and validity (convergent, discriminant, incremental) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Exploratory Factor Analysis identified two factors: "Need for Protection and Validity" and "Need for Mutuality".
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a two-dimensional structure.
  • The scale demonstrated high reliability and satisfactory validity, with specific needs correlating with attachment styles and predicting prolonged grief.

Conclusions:

  • The Relational Needs in Grief Scale (RNGS) is a novel, psychometrically valid instrument.
  • The RNGS enables systematic assessment of relational needs in grief.
  • Findings inform the development of targeted interventions for bereaved individuals.