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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Influencing Factors of Math Anxiety Among Elementary School Students
Álvaro Antón-Sancho1,2, Erika Cañibano-Arias3
1Department of Mathematics and Experimental Science, Fray Luis de Leon University College of Education, C/Tirso de Molina, 44, 47010 Valladolid, Spain.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Math anxiety impacts math education, but is not significantly affected by sex in elementary students. Age and general anxiety correlate with math anxiety, independent of gender, highlighting the need for interventions.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Math anxiety significantly impacts mathematics education.
- Factors like sex, age, and general anxiety influence math anxiety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the influence of sex, age, and general anxiety on math anxiety in Spanish elementary students.
- To examine sex-based differences in the effects of age and general anxiety on math anxiety.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses were performed.
- A sample of 185 Spanish elementary students completed a questionnaire.
- Validated scales (STAIC T-Anxiety and AMAS) measured general and math anxiety.
Main Results:
- Students displayed moderate math anxiety, unaffected by sex.
- Significant correlations were found between math anxiety, age, and general anxiety.
- These correlations were independent of sex.
Conclusions:
- Math anxiety requires targeted interventions.
- Future research should explore sex-independent factors influencing math anxiety.
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