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Neuronal Calcium Signaling and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Neurodegeneration.

Anastasiya Rakovskaya1,2, Ekaterina Volkova1, Ekaterina Pchitskaya1,2

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Calcium signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics are crucial for neuronal function but are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding this interplay offers new therapeutic avenues for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Neuronal function depends on calcium (Ca2+) signaling and cytoskeletal architecture.
  • Disruptions in the calcium-cytoskeleton interplay are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how Ca2+-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling influences synaptic transmission, plasticity, and neuronal stability.
  • To review disease-specific manifestations of calcium-cytoskeleton dysregulation in neurodegenerative conditions.
  • To evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting calcium homeostasis and cytoskeletal dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on calcium signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics in neurons.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific proteins and pathways, including end-binding proteins, STIM/Orai, and the spine apparatus.
  • Review of disease-specific studies on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, tauopathies, and prion disorders.

Main Results:

  • Ca2+-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling is essential for long-term potentiation/depression, dendritic spine morphology, and presynaptic function.
  • Dysregulation of calcium and cytoskeleton is a common feature across various neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Emerging therapies focus on restoring calcium homeostasis and modulating cytoskeletal dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate relationship between calcium signaling and the cytoskeleton is fundamental to neuronal health.
  • Targeting this interplay offers promising therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Multi-target approaches addressing both calcium and cytoskeletal pathways may be particularly effective.