Shear-Calibrated High-Intensity Interval Training to Promote Endothelial Autophagy and Delay Vascular Senescence: A...

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Exercise Science
• Cellular Biology

Background:

• Vascular aging involves endothelial dysfunction, inflammation (inflammaging), and impaired regeneration, linked to autophagy-senescence imbalance.
• Cellular senescence releases proinflammatory factors (SASP), accelerating vascular disease.
• High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves vascular function but can be detrimental if excessive or poorly structured.

Purpose of the Study:

• Introduce a novel framework, "shear dose-calibrated HIIT," to optimize exercise for vascular health.
• Define an optimal "shear dose" to maximize endothelial autophagy and minimize senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
• Provide a translational approach to promote vascular longevity and reduce cardiometabolic risk.

Main Methods:

• Review experimental and clinical evidence on HIIT's vascular effects (FMD, PWV, redox biomarkers).
• Propose a biomarker panel to assess autophagic flux and cellular senescence in peripheral samples (PBMCs, EVs, plasma).
• Integrate vascular mechanotransduction, redox biology, and autophagic signaling.

Main Results:

• HIIT influences flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, and redox biomarkers.
• Evidence suggests HIIT can modulate vascular aging pathways.
• A biomarker panel for autophagy and senescence is proposed for peripheral samples.

Conclusions:

• Individually calibrated HIIT, guided by "shear dose," can enhance vascular health.
• This approach balances exercise benefits with endothelial protection, mitigating risks of maladaptive vascular remodeling.
• Optimizing HIIT promotes vascular longevity and reduces age- and metabolic syndrome-related cardiometabolic risk.