Preharvest Treatment with 24-Epibrassinolide Enhances Resilience to Fruit Cracking, Yield and Quality Traits in Two...

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a highly appreciated fruit species for consumption but susceptible to climate change-induced weather, such as heavy rainfall, which catastrophically compromises yield and commercial fruit quality. Brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a novel biologically safe class of hormones that have been shown to increase plant resilience against these adversities and enhance crop yield and fruit quality in some fruit species. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of the preharvest foliar spray treatments with 24-epibrassinolide (24-BL) at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM on crop yield, cracking incidence and fruit quality of 'Sunburst' and 'Skeena' sweet cherry cultivars, during two seasons with different weather conditions (2022 and 2023). Results revealed that 24-BL treatments improved fruit growth, fruit weight, and increased commercial crop yield, especially at 0.1 µM during the first season. Notably, in 2023, when extreme rainfall occurred, 24-BL at 0.01 and 0.1 µM significantly decreased cracking incidence by up to 50% for 'Skeena'. Additionally, firmness, red colour and bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics and total anthocyanins, were also found at higher levels in fruits from 24-BL-treated trees compared to controls, in both cultivars and years. In conclusion, the foliar spray application of 24-BL at 0.01 µM and, especially at 0.1 µM, can be a useful and eco-friendly tool to reduce cracking incidence, improve crop yield and enhance sweet cherry quality traits regardless of environmental negative events, such as heavy rainfall. Importantly, the enhancement of bioactive compounds would promote additional antioxidant properties and enhance health benefits to consumers.