Molecular Insights into the Action Mechanism, Resistance Development, and Ecological Risks of Cyantraniliprole

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Entomology
• Molecular Toxicology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Cyantraniliprole, a diamide insecticide, targets insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), offering broad-spectrum pest control.
• Its distinct mode of action aids integrated pest management (IPM) by minimizing cross-resistance with older insecticide classes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms of cyantraniliprole action and resistance.
• To assess sublethal effects, ecotoxicological impacts, and environmental fate of cyantraniliprole.
• To discuss strategies for sustainable use and resistance management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review integrating data on cyantraniliprole's mode of action, resistance mechanisms, and ecological effects.
• Analysis of genetic (RyR mutations) and metabolic (enzymes) bases of insecticide resistance.
• Evaluation of ecotoxicity data for non-target organisms and environmental persistence studies.

Main Results:

• Resistance to cyantraniliprole is mediated by RyR target-site mutations (e.g., G4946E) and enhanced metabolic detoxification.
• Sublethal exposures impact insect development and reproduction, potentially accelerating resistance.
• Cyantraniliprole exhibits toxicity to aquatic species, pollinators (honeybees), and soil fauna; its metabolite J9Z38 is persistent.

Conclusions:

• Understanding resistance mechanisms and ecotoxicological profiles is crucial for cyantraniliprole's sustainable use.
• Risk mitigation strategies, including formulation, application, and monitoring, are essential for managing resistance and environmental impact.
• This review provides a foundation for regulatory assessment and responsible deployment of cyantraniliprole in agriculture.