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Comparative Effects of Snake Envenomation on Rabbit Carcass Decomposition and Insect Succession in a Forensic Context
Abdelwahab Khalil1, Eman E Zaher2, Mustafa M Soliman3
1Entomology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt.
Insects
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Snake venom significantly alters carrion decomposition and insect activity, impacting postmortem interval (PMI) estimations. *Cerastes cerastes* venom accelerated early decomposition more than *Naja haje* venom.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Toxicology
- Ecology
Background:
- Snake envenomation is a global health issue.
- Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations.
- The impact of snake venom on decomposition and arthropod succession is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of *Naja haje* and *Cerastes cerastes* venoms on decomposition.
- To analyze the impact of envenomation on necrophagous arthropod succession patterns.
Main Methods:
- Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups: *N. haje* venom, *C. cerastes* venom, and control (saline).
- Venom doses were median lethal intravenous doses (LD50).
- Carcasses were monitored in natural field conditions for 15 days.
Main Results:
- *C. cerastes* venom accelerated early decomposition stages (fresh and bloating) and prolonged later stages (decay and dried).
- *N. haje* venom had intermediate effects on decomposition.
- Envenomated carcasses showed lower overall arthropod abundance compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Snake envenomation significantly alters decomposition rates and arthropod colonization.
- *C. cerastes* venom induced more significant changes in decomposition dynamics than *N. haje* venom.
