Olfactory Susceptive Difference in Gregarious and Solitary Locusts

Area of Science:

• Entomology
• Neuroscience
• Animal Behavior

Background:

• The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) exhibits density-dependent plasticity in its olfactory system, crucial for aggregation and crop damage.
• Mechanisms linking population density to phase-related olfactory plasticity are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a multi-level comparison of the peripheral olfactory system between solitary and gregarious locusts.
• To investigate how population density influences olfactory perception and behavior.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of antennal sensilla structure between solitary and gregarious locusts.
• Electrophysiological recordings (electroantennogram - EAG) to assess olfactory sensitivity.
• Gene expression analysis (Or genes) to explore molecular underpinnings.

Main Results:

• Solitary male locusts possess a higher total number of antennal sensilla, particularly basiconica sensilla.
• Solitary males show enhanced electroantennogram (EAG) responses to specific volatile compounds.
• A significant upregulation of olfactory receptor (Or) genes was observed in solitary males.

Conclusions:

• The peripheral olfactory system of Locusta migratoria displays significant phase-related plasticity.
• Population density influences olfactory system structure, physiology, and gene expression.
• These adaptations highlight intricate strategies for insect survival and behavior in response to environmental cues.