Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:

Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of vitamin B9 and B12-fortified corn flour on cognitive function in teenage girls: a randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia.

European journal of nutrition·2026

Same author

Patterns of Body Composition Changes and Their Predictors During Cancer Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Adult Oncology Patients With Varying Baseline Nutritional Status at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same author

Ultra-processed food consumption, dietary behaviors, and marketing exposure among school adolescents in urban Ethiopia: a qualitative study.

BMC nutrition·2026

Same author

Non-Fatal Health Outcomes of Dietary Iron Deficiency Anemia in Eastern Sub-saharan Africa, From 1990 to 2023.

Sage open pediatrics·2026

Same author

Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Adult Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Hospital of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same author

Psychological Harms of HIV Vaccine Trial Participation in Tanzania: Could Post-Trial Participants Engagement Help?

AJOB empirical bioethics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 12, 2024

Lung Cancer Risk Factors Beyond Smoking in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study.

Nathan Estifanos^1,2, Gudina Egata¹, Adamu Addissie¹

¹School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.

|March 28, 2026

Summary

Lung cancer in Ethiopia is linked to factors beyond smoking, including solid-fuel use and diet. Public health efforts should address these local risks for better prevention and early detection.

Keywords:

Ethiopia case–control study lung cancer risk factors

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Epidemiology
Oncology

Background:

Smoking is a primary lung cancer cause globally, but not in Ethiopia, where local risk factors are significant.
Limited evidence exists for lung cancer prevention and early detection in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify lung cancer risk factors in Ethiopia beyond smoking.
To inform gender-sensitive public health interventions for lung cancer prevention and early detection.

Main Methods:

A multicenter matched case-control study with 351 lung cancer cases and 702 controls.
Variables selected using directed acyclic graphs.
Multivariable hierarchical conditional logistic regression to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

Lung cancer associated with low education, wealth, solid-fuel use, occupational exposure, low physical activity, specific diets, secondhand smoke (SHS), prior tuberculosis, and family cancer history.
Consistent associations found across sexes, but exposure patterns differed: males more exposed to smoking, occupational risks, meat diets; females to SHS, solid fuels, processed foods.
Identified key risk factors beyond smoking in the Ethiopian population.

Conclusions:

Lung cancer in Ethiopia is multifactorial, with significant non-smoking-related risks.
Targeting locally relevant factors like solid-fuel use and dietary patterns is crucial.
Gender-sensitive interventions are essential for effective lung cancer control in Ethiopia.