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Correction: Adeluola et al. Chemoprevention of 4-NQO-Induced Oral Cancer by the Combination of Resveratrol and EGCG: In Vivo, In Silico and In Vitro Studies. <i>Cancers</i> 2026, <i>18</i>, 1098.

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A 3D Collagen-Based In Vitro Cancer Model Created Through Modular Tissue Engineering.

Nima Daneshvar Baghbadorani1,2, Mira Bosso1, Rowen Greene1,3

  • 1Cancer Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel 3D cancer microtissue model using modular tissue engineering to better simulate tumor biology. The model accurately captures key tumor traits and predicts drug resistance, offering a more effective in vitro tool for cancer research.

Keywords:
3D cell culturecancer stem cells (CSCs)collagendrug resistancehypoxiamicrotissuestumour microenvironment (TME)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Biology
  • 3D Cell Culture

Background:

  • 3D culture models are emerging tools for simulating tumor biology in vitro.
  • Existing models face challenges in technical complexity and reproducing critical tumor traits.
  • Modular tissue engineering, successful in healthy tissue transplantation, is adapted for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt modular tissue engineering for fabricating cancer microtissues.
  • To assess the effectiveness of these microtissues as a tumor model.
  • To evaluate their ability to capture essential cancer biology features and drug response.

Main Methods:

  • Two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (HCC1806, MDA-MB-231) were cultured in microtissues.
  • Assessed microtissues for viability, cell death, hypoxia, and chemotherapy response.
  • Used flow cytometry to analyze cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype (CD44+/CD24-) across different 3D models and 2D cultures.

Main Results:

  • Microtissues demonstrated sustained viability, minimal cell death, and spontaneous development of tumor properties like hypoxia.
  • Flow cytometry revealed cell-line-dependent regulation of the CD44+/CD24- CSC phenotype in the 3D microenvironment.
  • The model exhibited drug resistance to standard chemotherapeutics at clinically relevant concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microtissue model spontaneously reproduces fundamental in vitro tumor features.
  • It effectively captures cellular heterogeneity and reprogramming contributing to clinical drug resistance.
  • This model serves as a valuable tool for studying complex cancer biology and treatment response.