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Pulmonary Functions and Capacities and Their Associations with Sociodemographic, Physical and Behavioural Risk
Jaron Ras1, Jordan Sasha Kaylor1, Lloyd Leach1
1Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
Introduction:
Firefighters are exposed to toxic smoke and hazardous environmental conditions that place them at risk for pulmonary disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary symptoms and disorders among full-time firefighters in the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service and to explore associations with sociodemographic, physical and behavioural risk factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted among 278 full-time firefighters using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-generated questionnaire and spirometry measurements. Physical characteristics were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied (Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation), with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance.
Results:
More than half (53.60%) of firefighters presented with at least one pulmonary symptom. Coughing (54.36%) and nasal congestion (40.94%) were the most common symptoms. Pulmonary symptoms were more frequent among firefighters aged 30-49 years. Significant differences were found in pulmonary function between age categories (p < 0.01) and obesity in firefighters (p < 0.01). Negative correlations were found between FVC and BMI (r =-0.35), BG% (r = -0.47) and years of experience (r =-0.21).
Conclusions:
Findings highlight the occupational burden of pulmonary health risks and the need for regular screening and preventive strategies within firefighting populations.
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