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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Climate Change, Epigenetics, Microbiota, and Health.

Francesco Misiti1,2, Alessandra Sannella1,2

  • 1Human, Social and Health Department, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, V. S. Angelo, Loc. Folcara, 03043 Cassino, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Climate change worsens non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through pollution and toxins. Epigenetic changes and gut microbiota alterations are key molecular links, informing new public health strategies.

Keywords:
adaptationcardiovascular diseasesclimate changeepigeneticsmicrobiotanon-communicable diseases (NCDs)one healthpublic healthrespiratory diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Molecular Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Climate change accelerates, posing significant threats to human health.
  • Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), like cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, are exacerbated by climate-related environmental stressors.
  • Vulnerable populations are disproportionately affected by amplified air pollution and toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex pathways linking climate stressors to adverse health outcomes.
  • To investigate the intermediary roles of epigenetic modifications and microbiota alterations.
  • To highlight the need for identifying biomarkers and informing public health policies.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review.
  • The review synthesizes current research on molecular mechanisms.
  • It focuses on epigenetic processes (DNA methylation, histone modifications) and microbiota changes.

Main Results:

  • Environmental exposures linked to climate change can alter gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Pollutants and temperature fluctuations can disrupt microbiota, promoting inflammation and immune dysfunction.
  • These molecular pathways mediate the link between climate change and NCDs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epigenetic and microbiota alterations is crucial for targeted interventions against climate-sensitive diseases.
  • Epigenetic and microbiota biomarkers are important for early risk stratification.
  • A transdisciplinary, One Health approach is vital for addressing health inequalities and climate change impacts.