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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis

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Published on: June 3, 2018

Bioengineered 3D Human Trabecular Meshwork Models for Outflow Physiology and Glaucoma Research.

Andrea Valarezo¹, Pujhitha Ramesh¹, Rong Du²

¹Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers reviewed bioengineering methods to create 3D human trabecular meshwork (HTM) models. These models help study outflow facility and intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation, crucial for understanding primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Keywords:

3D culture aqueous humor hydrogel in vitro model microfluidic outflow primary open-angle glaucoma scaffold tissue engineering trabecular meshwork

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Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Ophthalmology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction affects aqueous humor outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Studying outflow facility is critical for understanding TM function and glaucoma pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To review bioengineering approaches for creating 3D human trabecular meshwork (HTM) models.
To highlight models that recapitulate IOP regulation and allow outflow facility measurement.
To provide a framework for developing next-generation HTM models for research and drug discovery.

Main Methods:

Review of bioengineering strategies for 3D HTM model generation.
Use of synthetic, natural, and hybrid hydrogels.
Application of micro- and nanofabricated substrates and microfluidic devices.

Main Results:

3D HTM models incorporating topography, stiffness, and fluid flow have been developed.
Models can recapitulate IOP regulation and measure outflow facility.
These models reflect pressure-dependent outflow resistance in HTM physiology.

Conclusions:

Bioengineered 3D HTM models are essential tools for studying glaucoma.
Integration with stem cell technologies will advance HTM model development.
These models offer a platform for IOP-modulating drug discovery and understanding glaucoma.