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Stark Many-Body Localization-Induced Quantum Mpemba Effect.

Yi-Rui Zhang1, Han-Ze Li1,2, Xu-Yang Huang1

  • 1Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The quantum Mpemba effect, where hotter systems cool faster, is explored in a disorder-free phase. This study reveals it becomes a universal feature in the Stark many-body localized phase, offering new quantum control possibilities.

Keywords:
entanglement asymmetrynon-equilibrium dynamicsquantum mpemba effectstark many-body localizationsymmetry restoration

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter theory
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • The quantum Mpemba effect (QME) describes faster relaxation from further non-equilibrium states.
  • QME has been studied in integrable, ergodic, and localized systems.
  • Its behavior in disorder-free ergodicity-breaking phases like Stark many-body localization (Stark-MBL) is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the quantum Mpemba effect in the Stark-MBL phase.
  • Explore the dynamics of local U(1) symmetry restoration in a Stark-MBL XXZ spin-1/2 chain.
  • Understand the role of tunable potentials in controlling quantum relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Rényi-2 entanglement asymmetry (EA) as a probe.
  • Employed analytical operator-string expansion.
  • Supported findings with numerical simulations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated QME transitions from an initial-state-dependent anomaly to a universal feature in the Stark-MBL regime.
  • Showed Mpemba time scales exponentially with subsystem size, independent of global transport.
  • Identified high-order off-resonant processes governing the anomalous relaxation.

Conclusions:

  • Attributed the robust QME inversion to a Stark-induced hierarchy of relaxation channels.
  • Highlighted the Stark-MBL phase as a robust platform for observing QME.
  • Paved the way for engineering anomalous relaxation in quantum technologies using tunable potentials without disorder.