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Electrochemically Generated ROS Water for Rapid Disinfection and Biofilm Control in Real Waters.

Wending Zhang1, Xuerui Ma1, Rongchen Jin2

  • 1Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.

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Summary

This study presents a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrochemical system for chemical-free water disinfection. The system effectively inactivates bacteria and disrupts biofilms using reactive oxygen species (ROS), offering a promising solution for water purification.

Keywords:
biofilm disruptionboron-doped diamondelectrochemical disinfectionreactive oxygen speciesreal water matrices

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Growing global water scarcity and microbial contamination necessitate advanced, chemical-free disinfection methods.
  • Existing technologies often rely on chemicals, posing environmental and health concerns.
  • There is a critical need for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a compact boron-doped diamond (BDD)-based electrochemical system for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ for water disinfection.
  • To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the BDD-ROS system against key bacterial species and its ability to disrupt biofilms.
  • To investigate the system's performance in various real-world water matrices and conduct preliminary safety assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a BDD-based electrochemical water treatment system.
  • Evaluation of antimicrobial activity against *Escherichia coli*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* using ROS-on/off controls.
  • Testing disinfection efficacy in diverse water matrices (hand-washing water, lab wastewater, pond water) and assessing biofilm disruption.
  • Preliminary toxicological assessment through mouse exposure studies.

Main Results:

  • The BDD-ROS system achieved significant bacterial reductions (5-6 log10) against all tested species, reducing viable counts to near the detection limit.
  • Negligible antimicrobial effects were observed with ROS-off controls.
  • Effective disinfection was demonstrated across complex real water matrices.
  • ROS treatment successfully disrupted pre-formed mono-species biofilms in a time-dependent manner.
  • Preliminary mouse exposure studies indicated no significant adverse histopathological or hematological effects.

Conclusions:

  • BDD-enabled electrochemical ROS generation offers a rapid, reagent-free method for bacterial inactivation and biofilm control in water.
  • The system shows potential for diverse water treatment applications, addressing challenges of water scarcity and contamination.
  • Further research is warranted to evaluate performance with complex natural microbial communities.