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Influence of Normobaric Hypoxia on Maximal Force Production Following High-Intensity Resistance Circuit Training
Ismael Martínez-Guardado1, Diego A Alonso-Aubin2,3, Juan Hernández-Lougedo2,3
1LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle de Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
|March 28, 2026
Summary
High-intensity resistance circuit training in hypoxia showed no significant group differences compared to normoxia. However, the hypoxia group experienced improvements in upper body push-up force, suggesting potential benefits for specific performance outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Altitude Training
Background:
- Resistance training under hypoxic conditions may induce physiological and muscle adaptations.
- However, its efficacy for optimizing maximal strength and power requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance circuit training in normobaric hypoxia on maximal and explosive muscle strength.
- To compare the outcomes between hypoxic and normoxic training environments.
Main Methods:
- 28 participants were randomized into hypoxia (15% oxygen) or normoxia (20.9% oxygen) groups.
- Both groups underwent 8 weeks of resistance circuit training (twice weekly) at six repetition maximum.
- Maximal and explosive upper and lower body strength tests were conducted pre- and post-training.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in strength measures were found between the hypoxia and normoxia groups.
- The hypoxia group demonstrated significant intra-group improvements in absolute and relative maximum push-up force.
- Effect sizes for push-up force improvements in the hypoxia group were moderate (ES = 0.49).
Conclusions:
- Hypoxic circuit training may enhance specific upper body performance metrics, such as push-up force.
- No overall superior advantage of hypoxic training over normoxic training was observed for maximal and explosive strength measures.
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