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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cyclic Imide Derivatives.

Aleksandra Redzicka1, Beata Tylińska2, Anna Wójcicka2

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Imide derivatives show diverse biological activities, with cyclic imides primarily acting as anti-inflammatory agents. This review details their structures and various therapeutic effects, including anticancer and neuroprotective properties.

Keywords:
anti-inflammatory activitycyclic imidescyclooxygenase (COX)glutarimideshydantoinsinterleukin-6 (IL-6)lipoxygenase (LOX)maleimidesnaphthalimidesphthalimidessuccinimidestumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Imide derivatives are a significant class of compounds found in natural and synthetic molecules.
  • The imide moiety [-CO-N(R)-CO-] is present in several existing therapeutic drugs.
  • Cyclic imide derivatives are of particular interest due to their wide-ranging biological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structures and biological activities of cyclic imide derivatives.
  • To highlight their primary anti-inflammatory effects.
  • To explore additional reported therapeutic properties such as analgesic, anticancer, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on imide derivatives.
  • Analysis of structural features of monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic imides.
  • Summarization of reported pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic imide derivatives exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity.
  • Some derivatives possess notable analgesic, anticancer, and antibacterial properties.
  • Imide derivatives also demonstrate neuroprotective potential and effects on lipid metabolism (cholesterol and triglycerides).

Conclusions:

  • Cyclic imide derivatives represent a versatile scaffold for drug discovery.
  • Their diverse biological activities warrant further investigation for therapeutic development.
  • The review covers various classes including monocyclic (succinimide, glutarimide, maleimide, hydantoin), bicyclic (phthalimide), and polycyclic imides.