Trends in Arthrospira sp. (Spirulina) Applications: A 15-Year Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review

Due to their exceptional nutritional benefits, microalgae and cyanobacteria are recognized as sustainable food sources and key contributors to the circular bioeconomy. Arthrospira sp. has garnered significant attention as one of the most promising cyanobacteria for a wide range of applications. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze and synthesize global research trends in Arthrospira sp. applications. In this context, a "systematic review" refers to an integrated bibliometric and thematic analysis encompassing publication trends, geographical distribution of research outputs, leading journals, key application sectors, market development, and associated challenges and future prospects. Consequently, extensive research has been conducted on this species, leading to diverse areas of interest and application. This review article is the first of its kind, offering a comprehensive summary of trends in Arthrospira sp. applications over the past 15 years. It presents a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2010 to 2024 in journals indexed by Scopus. The analysis revealed that Bioresource Technology is the leading journal in publishing related research, with China producing the highest number of studies. Furthermore, phycocyanin extraction emerged as the most frequently studied application. Recently explored applications include its use as a biofertilizer, in bioplastic production, and in cosmetics. The Arthrospira sp. market is currently valued at an estimated $619 million in 2024, positioning it as a dominant player in the global industry. However, challenges persist, including safety concerns related to potential allergies and toxicity, as well as regulatory hurdles that may affect commercialization and market expansion.