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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Microbial-inoculated biochar combined with nitrogen mitigates salinity stress in rice by reducing salt accumulation and enhancing soil-plant interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions
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Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Improving Rice Root Development and Soil Health in Saline Soils: A Biochar and Microbial-Inoculated Biochar with

Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Abbas1, Song Li1, Wentao Zhou1

  • 1Sanya National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Microbial biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer significantly improves saline soil properties and rice root growth. This approach enhances nutrient availability and ionic balance, mitigating salt-induced soil degradation for better crop yields.

Keywords:
microbial biocharroot morphologysaline watersimple biochar

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Agronomy
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Salinity significantly degrades soil physicochemical and biological properties, negatively impacting crop growth.
  • Reduced soil organic matter, nutrient availability, and enzyme activities are key consequences of soil salinization.
  • Rice root development is particularly sensitive to saline conditions, affecting overall plant performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of microbial-inoculated biochar and nitrogen on rice growth and soil properties under saline conditions.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of different biochar types and nitrogen application rates in mitigating salinity stress.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which microbial biochar and nitrogen improve saline soil quality and rice root performance.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with varying salinity levels, biochar types (BC, BF, BB, BFB), and nitrogen rates (60 and 120 kg ha-1).
  • Soil physicochemical properties (organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus), biological properties (enzyme activities), and rice root development were assessed.
  • The study focused on the combined treatment of microbial biochar (BFB) and a high nitrogen rate (N120).

Main Results:

  • Salinity reduced soil organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, available phosphorus, and key soil enzyme activities, suppressing root growth.
  • The combined treatment of microbial biochar (BFB) and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen (BFB + N120) significantly improved soil organic matter, nutrient availability, and enzyme activities under saline conditions.
  • BFB + N120 markedly enhanced rice root dry mass and length compared to nitrogen alone or non-microbial biochar treatments, attributed to a favorable K+/Na+ balance in roots.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial-modified biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer effectively mitigates salt-induced soil degradation.
  • This combined application improves soil physicochemical and biological properties, leading to enhanced nutrient availability and ionic homeostasis.
  • The study demonstrates significant improvements in rice root growth under saline conditions, offering a sustainable approach for saline soil remediation.