AI-Enhanced Virtual LIG-IoT Sensor Framework for Microclimatic Stress Prediction in Vasconcellea stipulata (Toronche)...

Microclimatic stress strongly influences the ecological resilience of Vasconcellea stipulata (Toronche), yet current monitoring approaches rely on sparse measurements and lack real-time predictive capability. This work introduces an AI-enhanced virtual sensing framework based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) designed to emulate the thermoresistive response of an LIG transducer and generate high-resolution environmental indicators for microclimatic analysis. Unlike conventional LIG sensors or standalone IoT systems, the proposed framework integrates experimental calibration, data-driven modeling, and embedded inference into a unified architecture suitable for lightweight deployment on edge devices. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) model trained on laboratory data reproduced the temperature- and humidity-dependent electrical behavior of the transducer with high fidelity, achieving an RMSE of 0.016 kΩ in the calibrated range (10-60 °C) and remaining below 0.09 kΩ under noisy and extrapolated conditions. Sensitivity analysis identified temperature as the dominant driver (71%), followed by solar irradiance (19%) and relative humidity (10%), consistent with the microstructural mechanisms governing LIG's response. The virtual sensor enables continuous, low-cost environmental monitoring and provides quantitative variables that can support downstream ecological interpretation. Overall, the results highlight the potential of AI-enhanced LIG-IoT architectures for advancing real-time microclimatic assessment in resource-limited Andean ecosystems.