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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Age-Related Differences in Cognitive and Postural Performance During Dynamic Dual-Tasks.

Elisa Misley1, Maria Chiara Delatto2, Maura Casadio1

  • 1Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that complex dual-task challenges, combining cognitive and motor activities, are highly sensitive to age-related declines in balance and cognitive function, aiding early detection of aging effects.

Keywords:
balance performancebalance perturbationscognitive functionsdual-taskolder adultspostural controlrobotic platform

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Age-related decline in balance and cognition increases fall risk and impacts quality of life.
  • Existing dual-task research often uses static conditions or single cognitive tasks, limiting understanding of dynamic balance and cognitive interactions.
  • Studying unimpaired adults establishes normative data for identifying pathological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cognitive and motor outcomes most sensitive to age-related differences during dual tasks of varying complexity.
  • To investigate these effects across static and dynamic balance conditions, considering minimal detectable change.
  • To understand how cognitive demand interacts with postural control during standing and dynamic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty healthy adults performed dual tasks with increasing cognitive complexity (Stroop Test) while standing on a robotic platform.
  • Assessed cognitive performance (reaction time) and balance outcomes (trunk sway, center of pressure (CoP) sway area).
  • Evaluated outcomes under static and dynamic balance conditions with varying dual-task demands.

Main Results:

  • Reaction time showed age sensitivity, increasing with dual-task complexity.
  • Age effects on balance were amplified during dynamic perturbations compared to static conditions.
  • Center of pressure (CoP) sway area demonstrated significantly increased age sensitivity during dynamic tasks, exceeding minimal detectable change thresholds within a few years.

Conclusions:

  • Complex motor-cognitive dual tasks are sensitive indicators of age-related changes in balance and cognition.
  • Specific task-condition combinations can facilitate early detection and monitoring of age-related cognitive and balance decline.
  • Trunk sway reflects cognitive load, while CoP sway is more sensitive to balance perturbations, offering distinct insights into aging processes.