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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
09:26

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

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Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Rural Kentucky, 2021-2023.

James W Keck1, Reuben Adatorwovor2, Ann Noble3

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.

Viruses
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) was underused in rural areas. This study implemented and assessed wastewater testing in 10 Eastern Kentucky communities, showing its value in tracking disease.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2epidemiologic modelruralwastewater surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Public health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Wastewater testing for SARS-CoV-2 offered valuable public health insights during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Its application in rural communities remained limited, creating an information gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Eastern Kentucky communities.
  • To assess the performance and utility of this surveillance method in rural settings.

Main Methods:

  • Collected wastewater samples 1-2 times weekly from May 2021 to April 2023 at 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
  • Measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing.
  • Analyzed correlations between wastewater concentrations and reported COVID-19 cases, and developed a model to estimate disease incidence.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations between wastewater SARS-CoV-2 levels and reported COVID-19 cases were found at seven WWTPs, particularly during the Delta variant surge.
  • A developed incidence density model estimated higher COVID-19 case numbers than officially reported in the later study period.
  • Wastewater data corroborated clinical data and potentially offered a more accurate measure of community disease levels later in the pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • Wastewater surveillance is a viable and valuable tool for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in rural communities.
  • This method can supplement clinical data and provide a more comprehensive understanding of disease prevalence, especially when case reporting may be less accurate.