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Associations Between Sleep Quality and Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Metrics in Individuals With Type 2
Soohyun Nam1, Minjung Lee1, Sangchoon Jeon1
1School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, Connecticut, USA.
Journal of Sleep Research
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Poor sleep quality in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to worse glucose control. Individuals with T2D experiencing poor sleep had higher time above range and greater glucose variability, indicating increased hyperglycemia risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Sleep is vital for cardiometabolic health.
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is frequently associated with poor sleep quality.
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics like glycemic variability (GV) and time in range (TIR) are crucial for managing diabetes complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between self-reported sleep quality and CGM-derived metrics in adults with T2D.
- To determine if poor sleep quality correlates with specific glycemic variability and time in range parameters.
Main Methods:
- 137 adults with T2D completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
- Participants wore blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices for 14 days.
- Multivariable linear regression analyzed associations between PSQI scores and CGM metrics (GV, TIR, TAR, TBR), adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- 69% of participants reported poor sleep quality.
- Poor sleep was independently associated with higher time above range (TAR) and increased day-to-day glycemic variability (GV).
- Poor sleep quality also correlated with lower time in range (TIR) and higher hyperglycemia risk.
Conclusions:
- Poor sleep quality in T2D is significantly linked to increased hyperglycemia exposure, reduced TIR, and unstable GV.
- These associations persist even after accounting for clinical factors.
- Integrating sleep quality assessment with CGM data may offer personalized management strategies for T2D.
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