Evidence-Based Fluid Resuscitation Protocol for Patients With Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: An Evidence Summary

Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a critical condition requiring immediate and effective fluid resuscitation to stabilize hemodynamics and prevent complications. This evidence summary aims to synthesize the best available evidence to develop an evidence-based fluid resuscitation protocol for these patients, in order to guide clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. According to the "6S" evidence resource model, evidence retrieval was conducted to identify relevant literature in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Two researchers evaluated the quality of studies using the JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center's literature quality assessment criteria and evidence recommendation system, selecting and extracting evidence from eligible publications. Eleven articles were included, comprising 6 clinical guidelines, 2 systematic reviews, 2 expert consensuses, and one clinical decision tool. A total of 22 pieces of best evidence were synthesized and categorized into 6 key domains: (1) general principles of fluid resuscitation, (2) comprehensive patient assessment, (3) venous access establishment and fluid replacement protocols, (4) transfusion thresholds and strategies, (5) adjunctive pharmacotherapy, and (6) multi-parametric monitoring and outcome evaluation indicators. This study synthesizes the existing literature on fluid resuscitation in patients experiencing gastrointestinal hemorrhage, providing structured and concrete guidance for clinicians to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. The ultimate objectives are to stabilize patients, improve survival rates, and enhance both recovery and long-term quality of life.