Creatine supplementation modifies fat deposition in arm and leg tissues in individuals with Down syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for obesity, sarcopenia, and metabolic disorders, highlighting the need for safe and effective strategies to improve body composition.

To evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and metabolic safety markers in individuals with DS.

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 50 participants with DS received either oral creatine supplementation (20 g/d for 5 d, followed by 5 g/d for 6 mo) or placebo (dextrose). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess body composition, and laboratory tests monitored renal and hepatic function at baseline and after six months.

After 6 mo, the creatine group exhibited a significant reduction in regional fat percentage in the arms and legs compared with placebo, particularly among females, without adverse effects on renal or hepatic biomarkers. No significant changes were observed in total fat or lean mass.

During the study, creatine supplementation was found to be safe and to promote a selective reduction in regional adiposity in individuals with DS. These results indicate that creatine is a promising, low-cost way of improving body composition in this vulnerable group. However, further research combining supplementation with exercise interventions is recommended.