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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...

Antigen Processing Pathways

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

Identification of MHC Ligands Through Allele-Guided Isolation Combined With Machine Learning for Improved MHC

Shima Mecklenbräuker¹, Piotr Skoczylas², Paweł Biernat²

¹Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP

|March 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing MHC ligand isolation and developing the ARDisplay-I algorithm improve the identification of tumor-specific targets for T cell immunotherapies. This enhances the discovery of novel targets and advances computational immunology resources.

Keywords:

HLA ligand isolation immunopeptidomics machine learning multiallelic data post-translational modifications

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Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Published on: March 25, 2014

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Computational Biology
Mass Spectrometry

Background:

The isolation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ligands is crucial for identifying targets in T cell-based immunotherapies.
Low abundance of tumor-specific MHC ligands on cancer cells presents a significant challenge for detection and analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the identification of specific MHC ligands by optimizing isolation strategies.
To develop a superior MHC class I ligand prediction algorithm for improved immunotherapy target discovery.

Main Methods:

Optimized MHC ligand isolation protocols considering MHC alleles, peptide properties (hydrophobicity, post-translational modifications).
Development and benchmarking of the ARDisplay-I MHC class I ligand prediction algorithm against existing tools (netMHCpan 4.1, MixMHCpred, MHCflurry).

Main Results:

Optimized isolation strategies significantly enhance the identification of specific MHC ligands.
The ARDisplay-I algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to current state-of-the-art prediction tools.
Improved identification of low-abundance, tumor-specific MHC ligands.

Conclusions:

Enhanced MHC ligand isolation and the ARDisplay-I algorithm are vital for advancing T cell receptor-based therapies.
These advancements improve the discovery of novel immunotherapy targets and enrich computational immunology resources.