B-cell-directed Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors

B-cell-directed immunotherapy holds great promise for treating solid tumors, where barriers such as desmoplastic stroma and low immunogenicity have limited the success of established T-cell therapies. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring diverse strategies-including reinvigorating exhausted B cells, inducing functional tertiary lymphoid structures, depleting immunosuppressive subsets, and engineering B-cell receptors to enhance tumor specificity. Although the phenotypic plasticity and functional heterogeneity of B cells remain major challenges, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence-driven epitope prediction and spatial transcriptomic analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures are poised to overcome these hurdles and unlock the full therapeutic potential of B-cell-based approaches.