[Cardiovascular complications associated with autologous stem cell transplantation]

The roots of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Hungary began to develop in the late 1980s, and today it is routinely used as part of the hematological treatment algorithm in six Hungarian centers. The procedure plays a significant role in the treatment of multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Furthermore, it has an increasing number of indications in the treatment of non-hematological diseases. Although autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with fewer acute complications than allogeneic stem cell transplantation, a number of short- and long-term cardiovascular side effects may occur during therapy, mainly as a result of high-dose chemotherapy pretreatment and potentially cardiotoxic oncological therapies used previously in connection with the treatment of the underlying disease. The incidence of acute cardiovascular events occurring during the peritransplant period and the subsequent 100 days, as well as late (\>100 days) cardiovascular events, is significantly higher than in the general population of similar age. Major adverse cardiac events occurring during transplantation can limit the success of therapy and worsen both the prognosis of the underlying hematological disease and the quality of life of the treated patient. Therefore, early recognition and prediction of these events are important and form the basis of primary and secondary prevention, improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients. The aim of our review article is to summarize the potential cardiovascular side effects of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, their monitoring, and appropriate management in the light of current international hematology and onco-cardiology guidelines. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(13): 490-498.