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Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Improving Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis Using a Coaxial Double-Helix-Electrode Reactor.

Shijie Xian1,2, Xiaolan Fu2,3, Shaowei Chen2,4

  • 1College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.

Chemsuschem
|March 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel double-helix reactor design significantly enhances plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis. This innovative approach achieves higher ammonia yields and energy efficiency for sustainable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.

Keywords:
ammonia synthesisdielectric barrier discharge (DBD)electric‐field simulationplasma catalysisreactor design

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Developing energy-efficient, carbon-neutral ammonia synthesis is crucial for sustainable nitrogen fixation.
  • Conventional dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors face challenges in achieving uniform, high-intensity discharge for plasma-catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel coaxial double-helix-electrode DBD reactor for enhanced plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis.
  • To investigate the impact of electrode architecture on electric field homogeneity and discharge characteristics.
  • To optimize the reactor for improved ammonia yield and energy efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of a coaxial double-helix DBD reactor with dual quartz barriers.
  • Three-dimensional electrostatic simulations to analyze electric field distribution.
  • Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) to assess electron density.
  • Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis experiments using Ni/Al2O3 catalysts.
  • Performance evaluation under varying discharge conditions.

Main Results:

  • The double-helix design generates a homogeneous electric field (∼7 × 10^6 V m⁻¹), outperforming conventional DBDs (∼1 × 10^6 V m⁻¹).
  • Optimized Ni electrodes increased electron density, leading to a 2.5-fold higher NH3 concentration in plasma-only operation.
  • Synergistic plasma-catalyst interactions achieved an energy yield of 3.68 g NH3 kWh⁻¹ at 5.92 W.
  • Demonstrated a strong correlation between electrode design, discharge physics, and catalytic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Electric-field engineering via the double-helix design enables stable volume discharge for enhanced plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis.
  • This reactor design offers a promising pathway for next-generation, low-carbon nitrogen fixation systems.
  • The study provides a generic design principle applicable to various plasma-catalytic processes.