A critical review on the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution through pulse electrochemical processes: Basic
Peidong Su1, Meng Su1, Haoyang Xiong1
1School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
Abstract:
Electrochemical methods are considered among the most effective strategies for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. The traditional direct current (DC) electrochemical method mainly targets aqueous solutions containing single metal pollutants, so when multiple competing ions appear, it significantly hinders the effective DC electrodeposition of heavy metal ions. Conversely, pulsed current (PC) electrolysis characterized by periodically varying current or potential has been widely employed in chemical synthesis due to its unique ability to regulate the local microenvironment surrounding the electrode. This article elaborates on the sources and risks associated with heavy metals, and presents the advantages of pulse electrochemical technology in treating heavy metal ions. And the fundamental principles, experimental methods, optimal operating conditions and parameters, as well as environmental applications of the two primary methods of electrocoagulation and electrodeposition were thoroughly discussed. At the same time, this article also analyzed the reasons why PC method can suppress side reactions such as water splitting reaction. Finally, the most promising avenues and potential opportunities and challenges of pulse electrochemical technology in heavy metal recovery were proposed. The finding in this review will provide useful implications in guiding the application of pulse electrochemistry in heavy metals removal from wastewater.
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