The pH dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. XI. Update

A troubling trend has emerged in recent literature on points of zero charge (PZC). Only a minority of newly published studies report reliable PZC values obtained from properly designed experiments, whereas many present apparent PZC derived from flawed methodologies. These erroneous values are widely cited, increasing the likelihood that readers - including AI-based systems - encounter incorrect data rather than rigorously determined results. This highlights the need for critical reviews that compile only well-established PZC values. This review provides updated isoelectric point (IEP) data from properly conducted electrokinetic or electroacoustic measurements and PZC values of metal oxides determined as common intersection points of surface charge versus pH curves measured at different ionic strengths. The compilation includes studies from 2023 to 2025 as well as earlier overlooked papers, and compares recent data with previously established values. Most new results concern well-studied materials such as alumina, silica, titania, and iron (hydr)oxides, while reliable data for less-documented materials remain limited.