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Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
Published on: May 10, 2024
Multidimensional effects of genetic mechanisms in cancer occurrence, development and treatment
Xi Wang1, Xiaoying Shi1, Shanting Liao2
1Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
Abstract:
Cancer is a complex disease driven by progressive genetic abnormalities, with initiation, progression, and therapy response governed by multilayered genetic mechanisms. This review synthesizes key advances in cancer genetics, highlighting driver mutations, epigenetic reprogramming, non-coding RNAs, chromosomal instability, and viral integration in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Unlike traditional reviews that primarily catalog genetic alterations, this review presents a dynamic interaction framework that integrates the bidirectional crosstalk between genetic abnormalities and the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and microbiota. We emphasize the context-dependent functionality of genetic events within specific tissue niches rather than treating them as static drivers. Moreover, we provide a mechanistic synthesis linking multidimensional genetic mechanisms to therapeutic resistance, offering a systems-level perspective that bridges molecular genetics and tumor ecology. By shifting the paradigm from isolated genetic events to their dynamic interplay within the tumor ecosystem, this review aims to inspire new research directions that address the context-dependent nature of genetic effects and ultimately inform precision oncology strategies.
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