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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

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Plant-derived exosomes: Structure, isolation, biological functions, and therapeutic potentials.

Rumeysa Berra Karataş¹, Şevval Dikmen¹, Elçin Yenigül²

¹Biruni University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34010, Turkiye.

|March 29, 2026

Summary

Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) offer sustainable and efficient intercellular communication for applications in cancer therapy, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Further research is needed to standardize isolation and overcome clinical challenges for therapeutic use.

Keywords:

Exosomes Extracellular Vesicles Plant-derived exosome Therapeutics

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Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

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Published on: December 5, 2018

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts

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Published on: September 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanomedicine
Cell Biology

Background:

Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication, transporting bioactive molecules.
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are emerging as a promising alternative to animal-derived exosomes.
PDEs offer advantages like bioavailability, sustainability, and efficient cellular modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of plant-derived exosomes (PDEs).
To discuss the structure, functional roles, and therapeutic potential of PDEs.
To critically evaluate isolation and characterization methods for PDEs.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on plant-derived exosomes.
Analysis of isolation techniques including ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography.
Evaluation of exosome loading and characterization methods.

Main Results:

PDEs show potential in cancer therapy, immunomodulation, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue regeneration.
Current isolation and characterization methods face challenges in standardization and yield optimization.
Limited clinical application and translational research exists for PDEs.

Conclusions:

Standardized protocols are crucial for the reliable isolation and characterization of PDEs.
Rigorous preclinical evaluation is necessary to harness the full therapeutic potential of PDEs.
Further research is needed to overcome clinical and translational limitations for PDE applications.