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Plant-derived exosomes: Structure, isolation, biological functions, and therapeutic potentials
Rumeysa Berra Karataş1, Şevval Dikmen1, Elçin Yenigül2
1Biruni University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34010, Turkiye.
Tissue & Cell
|March 29, 2026
Summary
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) offer sustainable and efficient intercellular communication for applications in cancer therapy, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Further research is needed to standardize isolation and overcome clinical challenges for therapeutic use.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Nanomedicine
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication, transporting bioactive molecules.
- Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are emerging as a promising alternative to animal-derived exosomes.
- PDEs offer advantages like bioavailability, sustainability, and efficient cellular modulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of plant-derived exosomes (PDEs).
- To discuss the structure, functional roles, and therapeutic potential of PDEs.
- To critically evaluate isolation and characterization methods for PDEs.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on plant-derived exosomes.
- Analysis of isolation techniques including ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography.
- Evaluation of exosome loading and characterization methods.
Main Results:
- PDEs show potential in cancer therapy, immunomodulation, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue regeneration.
- Current isolation and characterization methods face challenges in standardization and yield optimization.
- Limited clinical application and translational research exists for PDEs.
Conclusions:
- Standardized protocols are crucial for the reliable isolation and characterization of PDEs.
- Rigorous preclinical evaluation is necessary to harness the full therapeutic potential of PDEs.
- Further research is needed to overcome clinical and translational limitations for PDE applications.
