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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness

Published on: December 6, 2024

Utilizing large language models to evaluate medical research abstracts.

Alexis M Holland¹, William R Lorenz², Jack C Cavanagh³

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH. Electronic address: http://twitter.com/AlexisHollandMD.

|March 29, 2026

Summary

This study explored using ChatGPT-3.5-turbo to grade medical abstracts, finding little correlation with human scores. The AI shows potential for abstract review processes, but human oversight remains crucial.

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Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Background:

National conference abstract evaluation suffers from subjective biases.
This study investigates the use of ChatGPT-3.5-turbo for grading and ranking medical abstracts.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility and accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5-turbo in evaluating medical abstracts.
To compare AI-generated abstract scores and ranks with those of human reviewers.

Main Methods:

Two ChatGPT-3.5-turbo models were trained on past abstracts from the American Society of Plastic Surgery and American Hernia Society.
Models graded and ranked 2023 abstracts, with results compared against human evaluations.

Main Results:

ChatGPT scores showed minimal correlation with human scores (Spearman coefficients of 0.143 and 0.137).
Ranking quartiles and a bridging algorithm also indicated limited agreement with human assessments.
Average score differences were small, but ranking correlations were weak.

Conclusions:

ChatGPT-3.5-turbo models demonstrated limited correlation with human abstract grading and ranking.
While AI shows potential for abstract review, current models require further development for reliable integration.