Effect of appetite hormone dysregulation on symptom trajectory in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity
Ju-Wei Hsu1,2, Wei-Chen Lin1,2, Li-Chi Chen1,2,3
1Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background:
Cross-sectional studies have reported an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and appetite hormone dysregulation. However, the association of appetite hormones with symptom trajectory in adolescents with ADHD remains uncertain.
Methods:
The present study included 32 adolescents with ADHD and 26 neurotypical adolescents. Appetite hormones (insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin) were measured at baseline and at the third-year follow-up.
Results:
Generalised linear models adjusted for demographic characteristics and ADHD medication use revealed that adiponectin levels significantly decreased over time in adolescents with ADHD compared with the levels in neurotypical adolescents (p = .003). However, changes in insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the ADHD group, changes in adiponectin level were negatively associated with changes in Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV inattention scores (B = -1.72, p = .018) and Child Behaviour Checklist Dysregulation Profile scores (B = -3.00, p = .015) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and ADHD medication use.
Conclusion:
This study suggests that a greater reduction in adiponectin level over time is associated with worse attentional and emotional dysregulation symptoms. Our findings may inform innovative adiponectin-focused strategies for patients with ADHD.
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