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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Brain network communication model reveals diffusion-based structure-function decoupling in mild cognitive impairment.

Shuwei Bai1,2, Fan Li2,3,4, Jiameng Liu2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|March 30, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) shows disrupted brain communication, particularly in diffusion-based networks. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) worsen this decoupling, impacting memory. This study reveals key mechanisms of brain network changes in MCI.

Keywords:
brain network analysismild cognitive impairmentnetwork communication modelstructure–function couplingwhite matter hyperintensity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Brain Network Analysis

Background:

  • Brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) are coupled, but this relationship degrades in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • The mechanisms behind this SC-FC decoupling and the role of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are not fully understood.
  • Brain network communication models offer a way to study neural signal propagation and understand decoupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of SC-FC decoupling in MCI using brain network communication models.
  • To assess the impact of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on SC-FC coupling and cognitive function in MCI.
  • To identify specific communication strategies affected by MCI and WMH.

Main Methods:

  • Derived five communication measures (CM) from SC to quantify CM-FC coupling in 186 MCI and 171 control subjects.
  • Utilized diffusion, path-accessibility, and routing-based strategies to analyze communication.
  • Performed lesion mapping and mediation analyses to examine WMH effects on coupling and cognition.

Main Results:

  • MCI subjects displayed significant whole-brain CM-FC decoupling, especially in default mode, sensorimotor, and visual networks.
  • Decoupling was primarily driven by reduced diffusion-based communication (communicability, flow graph), while routing-based coupling remained relatively intact.
  • WMH-affected networks showed decreased diffusion-based coupling but increased path-accessibility coupling, suggesting compensatory rerouting. WMH in the corona radiata were critical, and diffusion-based coupling mediated the WMH-memory deficit link.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion-based CM-FC decoupling is a key feature of MCI.
  • A novel framework was introduced to evaluate WMH effects on brain networks.
  • Findings enhance understanding of brain network dynamics and white matter injury impacts in MCI.