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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Synergistic Buried Interface Engineering via Bisphosphonate-Anchored Co-Self-Assembled Monolayers for

Long Su1, Ying Chen2, Ningbo Yi3

  • 1College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P.R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Engineered perovskite solar cells using coself-assembled monolayers (Co-SAMs) with bisphosphonate molecules. This strategy enhances stability and achieves a 26.09% power conversion efficiency for durable solar energy applications.

Keywords:
bisphosphonic acidburied interface modificationco-self-assembled monolayerdefect passivationinverted perovskite solar cells

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Interface Engineering

Background:

  • Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are crucial for interface engineering in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
  • Conventional SAMs face challenges in achieving uniform molecular anchoring and effective defect passivation simultaneously.
  • A novel approach is needed to enhance the stability and efficiency of PSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a coself-assembled monolayers (Co-SAMs) strategy for improved interface engineering in PSCs.
  • To overcome the limitations of single-component SAMs by integrating robust anchoring and defect passivation.
  • To enhance the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Co-SAMs strategy using two bisphosphonate-anchored molecules: (indolo[2,3-a]carbazole-11,12-diylbis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(phosphonic acid) (3-BPIC) and its fluorine-substituted analogue (3-BPIC-F).
  • Utilized synergistic interfacial architecture for robust anchoring and defect passivation.
  • Investigated the effect of fluorine substitution on perovskite film quality and device performance.

Main Results:

  • Co-SAMs achieved uniform molecular anchoring and effective defect passivation.
  • Bisphosphonate anchoring groups ensured robust interfacial stability and improved energy level alignment.
  • Fluorine-substituted groups stabilized organic cations and passivated halide vacancies, promoting high-quality perovskite growth.
  • Achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.09% in Co-SAMs-based PSCs.
  • Demonstrated excellent long-term stability, retaining over 95% performance after 1000 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The Co-SAMs design strategy effectively addresses limitations of conventional SAMs in PSCs.
  • This approach leads to high-efficiency and durable perovskite solar cells.
  • Co-SAMs represent a promising pathway for next-generation photovoltaic technologies.