Diabetic retinopathy severity detection using an improved Whale optimization algorithm and convolutional

Ashit Kumar Dutta1,2, Nasser Ali Aljarallah1,2, Abdul Rahaman Wahab Sait2,3

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Frontiers in Medicine
|March 30, 2026
PubMed
Abstract