A clinical study to evaluate meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film changes in patients with pterygium

Pterygium is a degenerative ocular surface disorder whose relationship with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and tear film instability remains understudied, especially in Eastern India. This case-control study included 110 adults to evaluate tear film parameters and MGD status in pterygium patients compared with healthy controls. Pterygium cases showed significantly higher rates of Schirmer's I, TBUT and TMH abnormalities, with strong correlations between tear instability and MGD severity. Higher pterygium grades demonstrated the most marked tear film disruption and meibomian gland changes. Thus, we show the need for early detection and management of MGD and dry eye to improve outcomes in pterygium patients.