Oral lesions in patients with systemic diseases: A hospital-based observational study

Systemic diseases frequently manifest through characteristic oral lesions, making the oral cavity an important indicator of underlying medical conditions. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the prevalence and patterns of oral lesions among patients with confirmed systemic diseases in a hospital-based population. Hence, a cross-sectional observational analysis of 500 adults was conducted, documenting demographic data, systemic diagnoses and clinically verified oral findings, which were evaluated using WHO criteria and analyzed statistically. The results demonstrated high frequencies of periodontal disease, candidiasis, glossitis, aphthous ulcers and lichenoid reactions, with distinct associations observed between specific lesions and conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, autoimmune diseases and chronic kidney disease. These findings highlight the essential role of routine oral examination in the early detection and multidisciplinary management of systemic diseases.