Effects of Substituents on 9‑Fluorenone: Spectroscopic, Hirshfeld, Optical, NLO, IFCT, and CTM Properties
Feride Akman1,2
1Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey.
ACS Omega
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Substituent groups on 9-fluorenone derivatives significantly impact their electronic and optical properties. These modified fluorenones show promise for applications in organic electronics and photonics.
Area of Science:
- Computational Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- 9-Fluorenone derivatives are versatile organic molecules with tunable properties.
- Understanding substituent effects is crucial for designing advanced materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of substituent groups on the structural, electronic, and optical characteristics of 2-substituted 9-fluorenone derivatives.
- To evaluate the potential of these derivatives for various optoelectronic applications.
Main Methods:
- Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
- Multi-Objective Wave Function Analyzer for Chemists.
- Spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence).
- Electron density-based analyses (ALIE, ESP, ELF, LOL, etc.).
Main Results:
- Substituent groups modulated electronic polarization, absorption, and emission spectra.
- 2-Nitro-9-fluorenone demonstrated enhanced charge transfer.
- Evaluated nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and aromaticity (HOMA index).
- Crystal packing and Hirshfeld surface analyses were performed.
Conclusions:
- The studied 9-fluorenone derivatives possess promising electronic and optical properties.
- Potential applications include organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
- Further development of novel derivatives is encouraged.
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