The study of prosthetic needs and oral health challenges of aging population

The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and prosthetic needs of elderly populations in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and identify gaps in geriatric dental care.

In cross-sectional and retrospective analyses a total of 708 adults aged 45 + were examined using the World Health Organisation-recommended methods. Participants were grouped by age, diagnosis, and treatment. Prosthetic status and needs were evaluated, including crowns, bridges, partial/complete dentures, and edentulism. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 (USA). Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess associations between variables, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. This study employed a mixed design that combined cross-sectional and retrospective analyses. It involved both sociological surveys and clinical dental examinations to assess prosthetic needs and oral health status.

Edentulism was common (41.9% complete, 38.8% partial). Over half (52.1%) used prostheses, mainly removable dentures, yet 42.6% were dissatisfied. Barriers included financial hardship (68.3%), limited access, and disability, with women, older adults, and low-income groups most affected. Preventive care gaps were evident: 28.4% required urgent care, and 64.3% lacked emergency records.

Affordable, accessible, and high-quality dental services are urgently needed for Kazakhstan's elderly. Findings support the development of targeted policies and future research to enhance geriatric oral health and promote healthy aging.