Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Professional Soccer: Evidence from Transfermarkt-Based Studies

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury represents one of the most severe and career-threatening conditions in professional soccer. In recent years, several epidemiological studies have used media-based databases, particularly Transfermarkt, to investigate ACL injury patterns in elite football. To summarize and critically discuss Transfermarkt-based evidence on ACL injuries in professional soccer, focusing on epidemiology, injury distribution, recurrence, return-to-play outcomes, and long-term career impact.

This study was designed as a narrative review of peer-reviewed Transfermarkt-based studies investigating anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional soccer. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and eligible studies were qualitatively synthesized focusing on epidemiology, injury distribution, recurrence, return-to-play, and career-related outcomes.

Across the included studies, ACL injuries occurred predominantly during matches, with a substantially higher risk compared with training. Injury distribution showed consistent seasonal clustering and position-dependent patterns, with defenders and forwards being most frequently affected. A considerable proportion of injuries represented second ACL ruptures. Although return-to-play rates were high, only a limited proportion of players returned to their preinjury competitive level. Moreover, ACL-injured players demonstrated reduced long-term performance and shorter career duration compared with matched uninjured controls.

ACL injury in professional soccer is not only an acute traumatic event but also a condition with relevant long-term performance and career consequences. Transfermarkt-based studies provide valuable large-scale epidemiological insight into ACL injury patterns in elite football; however, their findings should be interpreted in light of inherent methodological limitations. Future research integrating medical registries with standardized reporting systems is required to optimize injury prevention strategies and long-term outcome assessment.

V (Narrative review of observational studies).