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Predictive Gaze Shifts and Gaze Tracking with Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Responses
Dallin Page1,2, Jennifer Swingle Fogt1, Nick Fogt1
1College of Optometry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Clinical Optometry
|March 30, 2026
Summary
Predictive gaze shifts were uncommon during a coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) task, with most participants using continuous visual tracking. This suggests CAT devices may not inherently promote early predictive eye movements.
Area of Science:
- Human motor control
- Visual perception
- Reaction time studies
Background:
- Coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) involves synchronizing an action with an approaching object's arrival.
- Previous research indicates that known interception points prompt early gaze shifts.
- The role of predictive gaze shifts in clinical CAT devices remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To qualitatively assess if a clinical CAT device with a known interception location triggers early predictive gaze shifts.
- To investigate gaze behavior during a simulated object interception task.
Main Methods:
- Twenty participants completed a CAT task using a Bassin Anticipation Timer with sequential lights simulating movement.
- Gaze location was recorded using a wearable video eye tracker.
- Two conditions were tested: nonrandom (fixed velocities) and random (variable velocities).
Main Results:
- Predictive gaze shifts occurred in 23.6% of trials in the nonrandom condition and 12.4% in the random condition.
- Continuous visual tracking was the predominant gaze strategy.
- Significant head movements towards the stimulus were observed regularly.
Conclusions:
- Predictive gaze movements are infrequent in this CAT task.
- Continuous tracking is the primary visual strategy employed.
- Further research could explore CAT device training for sports performance enhancement.
